The Attributes Of The Christian God Essay Example For Students

The Attributes Of The Christian God Essay According to Christianity, the attributes of God can be organized into two categories: Physical and ethical or moral. Some terms address Gods transcendence of physical ideology, others address Gods Devine intellect and will. There are a multitude of terms from which to choose when labeling the attributes of God. Therefore, this paper will only deal with the fundamental terms that are put forth by the sacred scriptures. God is, according to the Old and New Testaments: Omnipotent, eternal, Immense, Incomprehensible, and infinite in intellect and willThe omnipotent characteristic of God is often referred to in the Bible. God is said to have all the power for the benefit of man . According the John, God said that men could have no power against him . We will write a custom essay on The Attributes Of The Christian God specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Christians believe that god has the power to free people from the most trying circumstances and single handedly defeat great nations . God can, in the eyes of Christians, do anything.Numerous biblical personalities have said that God is eternal. The Lord is said to be and ever lasting father that will reign forever . God is said to be a king in an everlasting Kingdom . God has always been and always will be. He coexists with time; he does not exist in time. The Omni presence of God is one argument that is difficult to uphold; it is extremely reliant upon peoples interpretations of the most elementary Biblical passages. Most Christians will testify that God is always everywhere. There are no shortages of passages that say that Gods eyes are here and there, and that his eyes are everywhere . There are also several scriptures that say the Lords kingdom is in the heavens above and those who believe will be in his presence . However, as far as I can see, there are no passages that say that God is always everywhere . Is the Holy Trinity the Only way to support the Belief in the existence of an infinitely immense God? No. The Trinity is based on the idea that God can manifest himself through various mediums. Gods presence may be in burning bushes; it may be in the body of mortal beings such as Jesus of Nazareth. God could, according to the Trinity, be in many places at once, being in many beings . However, we will run into a problem when we use the Holy Trinity to explain the words that God said in Genesis 1:26. This passage proves, not that there is more than one god, but that there are two or more beings that are a part of one God. These beings, according to Genesis 1:26, share a common image. Most Christians who believe in the Holy Trinity believe in an omnipotent abstract God, the Holy Ghost or Spirit, and the Son who is, according to the Trinity, the manly manifestation of the omnipotent God. In the Bible it says that no man may see God and live to tell of it, so how could Jesus Disciples spread the good news and speak of Jesus and still manage to live? Furthermore, the Holy Spirit (Ghost) is a gift from God, not God himself. We cannot, with the Holy Trinity or any other ideology, explain the literally omnipresent God. However, if one believes that God spreads his seeds by giving the gift of life, than we can say that, in a sense, God is everywhere, because man is, in a sense, everywhere.

A critical appraisal of the integrity of a HACCP Plan and the design of an effective, efficient, evidence based improvement strategy The WritePass Journal

A critical appraisal of the integrity of a HACCP Plan and the design of an effective, efficient, evidence based improvement strategy Abstract A critical appraisal of the integrity of a HACCP Plan and the design of an effective, efficient, evidence based improvement strategy ) explain that a HACCP is essential in maintaining the safety of individual food products. The main aim of this plan is to ensure that each stage in the food production process is safe. The main objective of this report is to identify the hazard and create controls that would prevent the occurrence of this hazard. The main issues of the Cheese-4-All company are traced to the customers’ complaint of the presence of a metal wire on a block of cheese and returned food products from caterers due to broken seals of the bags. In the first issue, the metal wire represents a physical hazard for consumers. A physical hazard is described as any foreign material present in dairy products that could cause injury or illness to the consumer (Marriott and Gravani, 2006). Mortimore and Wallace (2013) emphasise that a physical hazard results from lack of control of a process or a piece of equipment in the production chain. A number of factors have been identified to contribute to the presence of a physical hazard. Amongst these, poorly maintained equipment and the employees’ inattention to the details of the food production process are the most important factors that contribute to the physical hazard (Wallace et al., 2011). Meanwhile, the broken seals of the bags represent a biological hazard. This type of hazard results from exposure of food to pathogens (Smith and Hui, 2008). A closer investigation of the company’s issues reveals that the cutting and sealing of the vacuum packs of the cheese blocks are done by only one machine. The machine has a metal cheese wire used to cut the cheese. At the same time, this machine also automatically vacuum seals the cheese blocks. A metal detector, which serves as a control, is found at the end of the production line. This equipment could have detected any embedded metal in the cheese. At this point, poor attention to details could have contributed to the failure of the staff to detect the metal in the cheese. Instead of allowing the cheese blocks to pass through the metal detector before removing and labelling them, some members of the staff might fail to recheck whether the blocks have passed through the metal detectors. Similarly, an opportunity to check the integrity of the vacuum seals of the cheese block is also presented during the labelling. However, the staff failed to document whether all cheese blocks are safely sealed. On the other hand, the staff manually places grated cheese in plastic bags together with potato starch while the modified atmosphere packaging machine seals the packs. Recommendations for Improvement In this report, the issue of the presence of metal fragments in the block of cheese and broken seals of cheese packs will be addressed. Metal Fragments in the Block of Cheese In-line metal detectors are present in the production line. This is check point is crucial and is met by the company. However, it is recommended that these in-line metal detectors should be fitted with automatic rejection systems (Smith and Hui, 2008). In the company’s case, there was only one metal detector at the end of the assembly line. It was also not fitted with an automatic rejection system. The British Retail Consortium (2013) reiterates that metal detection protects the customers and should be part of any food protection system. However, there are cases where metal detection does not provide the consumers with significant added protection. In this case, the British Retail Consortium (2013) adds that exceptions should be made only when there is indeed no need for metal detection of the product. Hence, it is still vital that companies should make justifications why metal detection is not needed. The need of metal detection in a food company is highlighted when customers complain of metal in their food products. Consequences of this failure range from loss of credibility and loss of customers and bad publicity (Wareing, 2010). In worst scenario, metal present in the product might cause injury to the customer and result to prosecution (Academic Press, 2013). There are various possible causes of metal detector failure. The Academic Press (2013) explains that the metal detector might be experiencing mechanical failure or is not properly calibrated. The wrong pieces of metals are used during sensitivity check or the company used the incorrect metal detector. The succeeding table lists down the rest of possible causes of metal detector failure: Table 1. Causes of Metal Detector Failure Possible Causes of Metal Detector Failure Metal detector is placed in the wrong place in the assembly line Faulty rejection mechanism or there is no synchronization with the rejection system and the detector There is no control of the rejects Checks are not done regularly for the metal detector. In cases where checks are done, these are also performed incorrectly In cases where checks of metal detector reveal some failures, these are not recorded or corrective actions are not taken. Staff members of the organisation are not trained to perform metal detector checks. While staff members receive training on performing metal detector checks, the effectiveness of these trainings are not verified in actual practice. Workplace culture issues also play a role in influencing staff members not to take responsibility in performing necessary checks. Source: Academic Press (2013, p. 336) Â   Broken Seals of Cheese Packs The British Retail Consortium (2013) emphasised that food safety should be a priority amongst those in the food business. On analysis of the Cheese-4-All company, caterers complained of broken seals. Issues are often identified only when customers began complaining about the safety of the food that they order (Bougherara and Combris, 2009). This represents some breaches in safety procedures in the company. For instance, safety checks should be conducted once cheese blocks or grated cheese are sealed, before they are taken to or taken out of chillers. During the labelling process, it is also important that the staff conduct a check whether the seals are still in place or if there are broken seals in the cheese packs. Improvement Strategies Lawley et al. (2012) explain that many of the food safety legislation that are now in force in countries in Europe, including the UK, are formed as a result of collaboration between food authorities in the different countries. Representatives of the European Commissions are responsible for creating food safety legislations that are also used as template of food authorities in different countries (Lawley et al., 2012). For example, the European Commission has set out EC Regulation No. 852/2004 that set standards for hygiene on foodstuffs. In addition, the 2006 Food Hygiene Regulations also provide standards for food safety. Using information from these regulations, it is recommended that strategies should be in place to ensure the absence of metals in the cheese blocks and to prevent broken seals of the packs in the Cheese-4-All company. First, metal detectors should be checked every hour with test pieces (Robertson, 2013). Results should be recorded to assess the sensitivity of the metal detector. It is recommended that safety incidents should be recorded to ensure that staff learn from the experience and prevent the occurrence of similar incidents in the future (Arvanitoyannis, 2012). For example, the analysis reveals that only one machine is involved in cutting the cheese with metal cheese wire. It is also the same machine involved in vacuum packing of the cheese. It is suggested that the machine should be periodically checked to ensure that it is working properly. Second, qualified staff should perform calibration of the metal detector and ensure that it is in the proper place in the assembly line (Academic Press, 2013). Third, lockable receptacles should be in place to ensure that rejects are accommodated (Academic Press, 2013). Fourth, training staff to conduct safety checks of the food packs after sealing of the cheese, during refrigeration and before delivery. This is necessary to protect consumers from food poisoning (Montville and Matthews, 2008). Finally, it is suggested that the safety culture of the workplace should be investigated to determine the perceptions and current practice of the workers on food safety. Mortimore and Wallace (2013) argue that the safety culture of the workplace is a crucial determinant in whether safety regulations are implemented and institutionalised. In many cases, the lack of a safety culture leads to failure in the system. Conclusion In conclusion, this report shows that safety checks should be regularly done to prevent safety incidents such as presence of metals in food or having broken food seals. Consequences of these incidents include loss of customers and possible litigations from consumers who are harmed from ingested metals. Broken food seals present a health hazard since it could cause food contamination. In turn, this might lead to poisoning of the food consumers. An analysis of the Cheese-4-All Company reveals that safety checks are breached during food processing. A metal detector is present in the end of the assembly line but failed to detect the metal present in one of the cheese products. Possible causes of this failure are discussed in the report. On the other hand, the broken seal also indicates failure on the part of the staff to thoroughly check the packaging of the cheese. Finally, this report recommends performing regular checks of the machine used in cutting and sealing the cheese; ensuring t hat metal detector is working and placed in the proper position; and regularly performing checks on whether food seals are in place. It is also suggested that the work culture should be investigated to determine if safety is a priority in the workplace. This would help the company change the culture in the workplace and ensure that a culture of safety is practised. References Academic Press (2013) Encyclopedia of Food Safety, Washington, D.C.: Academic Press. Arvanitoyannis, I. (2012) Modified atmosphere and active packaging technologies, London: CRC Press. Bougherara, D. Combris, P. (2009) ‘Eco-labelled food products: what are consumers paying for?’, European Review of Agricultural Economics, 36(3), pp. 321-341. British Retail Consortium (2013) Global standard for food safety- guideline for fresh produce, London: The Stationery Office. Food Standards Agency (FSA) (2013) Safer food, better business [Online]. Available from: food.gov.uk/business-industry/caterers/sfbb/#.UswHhvbNevQ (Accessed: 6th January, 2013). Lawley, R., Curtis, L. Davis, J. (2012) The Food Safety Hazard Guidebook, London: Royal Society of Chemistry. Marriott, N. Gravani, R. (2006) Principles of food sanitation, London: Springer. Montville, T. Matthews, K. (2008) Food Microbiology: An Introduction. Mortimore, S. Wallace, C. (2013) HACCP: A Practical Approach, 3rd ed., Preston, UK: Springer. Robertson, G. (2013) Food packaging: Principles and practice, 3rd ed., Sound Parkway NW: Taylor Francis Group. Smith, J. Hui, Y. (2008) Food processing: Principles and applications, London: John Wiley Sons. Wallace, C., Sperber, W. Mortimore, S. (2011) Food Safety for the 21st Century: Managing HACCP and Food Safety throughout the global supply chain, London: John Wiley Sons. Wareing, P. (2010) HACCP: A toolkit for implementation, London: Royal Society of Chemistry. Yiannas, F. (2008) Food safety culture: Creating a behavior-based food safety management system, Arkansas, USA: Springer.

Baroque Style Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Baroque Style - Research Paper Example The Taking of Christ, painting by Caravaggio, represents Baroque style as well. The story of the painting is interesting, because for a long time it was attributed to another artist. It was painted at the beginning of the 17th century for Mattei family. It was known that the painting existed but its location was not known. When it was found and examined in Dublin, it became apparent that it truly belongs to Caravaggio’s hand, because it was characterized by the features that typically belonged to the painter’s style: â€Å"bright highlights, dark sharp shadows, and a black background† (Caravaggio Gallery, 2013) One technique that Caravaggio often used in his paintings is the use of the back of his brush to highlight or outline parts. It is also present at the painting. The sharp contrast between light and dark characteristic for Caravaggio, is outstanding here. The artist took Biblical story as the base for The Taking of Christ – betrayal of Christ by Juda s and his taking by the Roman soldiers. There are seven figures at the painting. It is interesting to see how the expressions of their faces are different. Jesus is calm and peaceful, He knows about what He needs to go through, and He is ready for that. In contrast to Jesus, the face of St. John shows pain and distress. The disciple is shocked by what is going on. The face of Judas is seemingly calm as he is kissing the cheek of Christ and thus betrays him. Therhe man with the lantern, is believed to be the self-portrait of Caravaggio himself.

Obesity Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Obesity - Dissertation Example Obesity is defined in the American Heritage Dictionary as a condition of increased body weight that is caused by an excessive accumulation of fat. Obesity has also been termed the new â€Å"epidemic† in both adults and children. In 1998 the World Health Organization (WHO) designated obesity as a global epidemic (Anrig, 2003). Healthcare professionals can measure the percent of body fat in children by using Body Mass Index (BMI). BMI is calculated from a person’s height and weight and provides a reasonable indicator of body fatness and weight categories that may lead to health problems. Establishing healthy habits in youth can help prevent many health problems later on in life which will drastically reduce the costs of healthcare. For this reason many public health professionals are interested in working with school systems to reach children in school settings. If we look back over the past 50 years we can see dramatic changes in the way children play, eat meals, and soc ialize. Today lifestyles are busier but less active. (See table 1 in appendix A). Since 1950, the amount of nutritional information available to the public has roughly doubled every seven years. In the years between 1950 and 2000, â€Å"obesity rose by 214% until today, where 64.5 percent of adult Americans (about 127 million) are categorized as being overweight or obese† (Weiss, n.d.). Even though technology has taken away the need for most physical activity, there must be steps taken to provide cost effective solutions and provide a healthier lifestyle for children that will lead to healthy adults. The good news is that schools nationwide are becoming aware of this epidemic and are working with health professionals by taking steps to provide a healthy lifestyle for children. Schools can play an important role in improving the health of children and the adults they will become. Children generally attend school 5 days a week throughout the calendar year. During childhood and adolescent years habits develop that determine physical activity and eating habits. These health habits will determine the development of such diseases as cardiovascular, cancer and diabetes which are now major causes of premature death and disabilities in the United States and the Western World. Public Health professionals are very interested in funding school based programs that can provide a foundation for lifelong healthy behaviors and greatly reduce the burden of these preventable health conditions for both individuals and society as a whole. There is largely an unmet need for effective school-based programs that promote healthy behaviors. It has not been an easy task engaging these partnerships for many reasons, one being funding. With the embracing of these school based programs by public health professionals, it is imperative that these programs be rigorously evaluated to show effectiveness. To be considered effective these programs must undergo systematic measurement and an alysis using solid research methods and study designs. The Center for Disease Control’

Is the Death penalty effective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Is the Death penalty effective - Essay Example An example from the history tells us that in 1975, two African American men in Florida named Freddie Pitts and Wilber Lee were granted commutation after twelve long years awaiting death-penalty for the murder of two white men. Their conviction was as a result of constrained confessions, spurious testament and an adduced bystander. After a long time of nine-years of battle in the courts, a white confessed his guilt and Pitts and Wilber were granted absolution by the governor. Had their death-penalty not been delayed due to the court-battles, they would have naively executed. The history of death penalty can be traced back to the eighteenth century (B.C) when the laws for it were established. As years passed these penalties were used all over the world to kill the guilty people. After the World War II the United States protected pregnant women, elders and children from these death penalties but did not abolish it completely. Over these years many countries have abolished it but the Uni ted States still follows it to a certain extent (Death Penalty Information Center). The proponents of the death-penalty justify it by biblical quotations to use death penalty as the ultimate punishment for murders and equivalent crimes. The bible says that the murders must be vindicated: life for life is what the bible says about murders. But the justifications presented cannot be applied in the modern world because of the ethics that apply these days. The bible’s quotation about life for life was for that time when the unjust and violent people were killing innocent and exemplary people. According to most of the people, the death-penalty should be abolished from the U.S and that the criminals must be given a chance to change themselves. Death row inmates can spend their time in the law library and interact with each other and somehow get the wind of the crime of what they have done and accept to change from the bottom of their hearts. The process of death qualification was c onstitutionally challenged in Lockhart v. McCrea on the basis that it produces unrepresentative and doctrine procumbent juries. The United States Supreme Court rejected such challenges by questioning the truthiness of the relevant social science research. But according to me, the challenges made were completely just and the government should have had taken suitable steps in order to eradicate this barbaric act from the society (Guernsey 39-42) The moral disengagement is also an aspect worth discussing in this regard. According to a study by Osofsky, Bandura and Zimbardo in 2005, they took direct words from the executioner. The executioner said that the ECG monitors are in front of him when he carries out the process. His duty is to push the syringe in the veins of the guilty and lower the heart beat of the guilty until it becomes flattened. The harder he pushes, the more flattened is the graph and once he empties the last injection, the pulse rate reaches zero indicating that the gu ilty is now dead. He adds further that it is distraught to see someone die in front of him and leaves a great impact on him even after some days. This research helps to conclude that the executioner has vivid thoughts about the incident too as it is a harsh process to be carried out (Osofsky et al 373-380). The opponents believe that death-penalty should be abolished because it is a barbaric act of murder which involves the death of an individual in a similar

Study Of Solubility Equilibrium Biology Essay

Study Of Solubility Equilibrium Biology Essay The solubility product constant of potassium hydrogen tartrate in water and it dependence of temperature were investigated in this experiment. The solubility product constant was determined at different temperature through acid-base titration against NaOH. A linear graph was obtained by plotting ln Ksp against 1/T and positive correlation between temperatures and solubility product constant was observed. This study concluded that solubility product constant of potassium hydrogen tartrate is dependent only on temperature. Introduction The aim of this experiment is to investigate the solubility product constant of potassium hydrogen tartrate in water and it dependence on temperature. Solubility is often defined the amount of substance required in obtaining a saturated solution. Therefore, only a small amount of potassium hydrogen tartrate (KHC4H4O6) is needed to produce a saturated solution as it has limited solubility in water. In the saturated solution, the rate of the dissociation of the solid is the same as the rate of the aqueous ions forming the solid compound; the solution is known to be at equilibrium. The equilibrium equation for KHC4H4O6 in the solution can be written as: The constant for the equilibrium equation can be expressed as: Ksp = [K+] [HC4H4O6-]. This constant is also known as the solubility product constant (Ksp) which has a fixed value for a given system at constant temperature. Thus, by finding out the concentration of the ions dissolved, the solubility product constant for KHC4H4O6 can be determined. From the equation above, the dissociation of KHC4H4O6 will produce equal amount of potassium ions (K+) and hydrogen tartrate ions (HC4H4O6-). Thus, by obtaining the concentration of one of the ions, the concentration of the other ion can be derived and the solubility product constant can be calculated. As HC4H4O6- behaves like a weak acid, its concentration can be determined by acid-base titration using NaOH, a strong base as the titrant, with phenolphthalein as the indicator. As NaOH and HC4H4O6- react with each other in 1:1 ratio, the amount of NaOH used in the titration will be equal to the amount of HC4H4O6- present in the solution. While Ksp is fixed at a certain condition, changes in temperature will affect the value of Ksp. According to the vant hoff equation, the value of Ksp is related to the change in Gibbs free energy and can be expressed as: From the equation, the solubility product constant depends on three variables which are the change in enthalpy, the change in entropy and the temperature. The change in entropy and enthalpy with respect to temperature were stated to be insignificant due to the similar heat capacities of the product and reactants. This suggests a linear trend between the remaining variable and Ksp [1]. Therefore, a graph of natural logarithm of Ksp versus the reciprocal of temperature can be plot which the gradient of the graph can be used to calculate the enthalpy change and the y-intercept for the entropy change. Thus, the relationship between Ksp and temperature can be observed. Experimental Procedure Dried KHC8H4O4 (0.5002 g) was prepared in a 250 mL conical flask with the help of an analytical balance. Deionized water (25.0 mL) was added into the flask and a standard solution of KHC8H4O4 was obtained. The prepared solution was then titrated against an unknown concentration of NaOH to the endpoint, with phenolphthalein as the indicator. The volume of NaOH used was recorded. The entire procedure was then repeated with different masses KHC8H4O4 (0.5039 g, 0.5033 g). The concentration of the NaOH was calculated from the volume of NaOH used and tabulated in Table 1. A saturated KHC4H4O6 solution was prepared by adding one gram of KHC8H4O4 into a 250 mL conical flask, containing 100.0 mL of deionized water. The flask was swirled for five minutes and put to rest with occasional swirling for another five minutes at room temperature. At the end of ten minutes, the solution was then filtered and the supernatant was collected in a dry 250 mL conical flask. Concurrently, the temperature of the solution in the filter funnel was recorded. Two portions of 25.0 mL of the filtered solution were then pipetted into two separate 250 mL conical flasks. The two solutions were titrated against the 0.7070M NaOH solution to the endpoint, with phenolphthalein as the indicator. The volume of the NaOH used was recorded. The procedure was then repeated for different temperatures. For temperature above room temperature, a hot water bath was prepared in a one litre beaker on a hotplate stirrer. The saturated KHC4H4O6 solution was prepared in the same way but was placed in a hot water bath with constant stirring, using a stir bar. The solution was put aside with occasional monitoring until a constant temperature was observed. Next, the solution was decanted in small amount into a dry conical flask. The temperature of the solution in the filter funnel was recorded concurrently. Three portions of 25.0 mL of the filtered solution were then pipetted into three separate 250 mL conical flasks. For temperature below room temperature, an ice-water bath was prepared in a one litre beaker. The solution was also prepared in the same way as the previous procedure and was placed into the ice-water bath. The solution was cooled until the solution stabilized at a certain temperature. The solution was then filtered and the temperature of the solution in the filter funnel was recorded. Three portions of 25.0 mL of the filtered solution were then pipetted into three separate 250 mL conical flasks similar to the above room temperature setup. The six solutions were then placed aside for it to return to room temperature and then titrated against the standardized NaOH. The solutions were titrated the same way as the titration done at room temperature. The volume of NaOH used was recorded for the different solutions were recorded. The average volume of NaOH used for the same temperature was then calculated and tabulated in Table 2. Data Treatment and Analysis The calculations of [HC4H4O6-], [K+] and Ksp at 302.15K: [NaOH] = 7.070 x 10-2 mol L-1 Amount of NaOH used = (7.070 x 10-2 mol L-1) (1.2825 x 10-2 L) = 9.067 x 10-4 mol Amount of HC4H4O6- = Amount of NaOH used = 9.067 x 10-4 mol [HC4H4O6-] = [K+] = 9.067 x 10-4 / (0.0250 L) = 3.63 x 10-2 mol L-1 Ksp = [K+] [HC4H4O6-] = (3.63 x 10-2 mol L-1)2 = 1.32 x 10-3 The calculated value of [K+], [HC4H4O6-] and Ksp were tabulated into the table below: Table 2: Determination of Ksp of KHC4H4O6 at different temperature Temperature / K Average Vol. of NaOH used / L Amount of NaOH used / mol [HC4H4O6-] / mol L-1 [K+] / mol L-1 Kspof KHC4H4O6 285.15 7.4750 x 10-3 5.327 x 10-4 2.13 x 10-2 2.13 x 10-2 4.54 x 10-4 294.15 1.0075 x 10-2 7.180 x 10-4 2.87 x 10-2 2.87 x 10-2 8.25 x 10-4 302.15 1.2825 x 10-2 9.067 x 10-4 3.63 x 10-2 3.63 x 10-2 1.32 x 10-3 309.15 1.6375 x 10-2 1.158 x 10-3 4.63 x 10-2 4.63 x 10-2 2.14 x 10-3 320.15 2.2375 x 10-2 1.582 x 10-3 6.33 x 10-2 6.33 x 10-2 4.00 x 10-3 Based on the temperature and Ksp value obtained in Table 1, values of 1/T and ln Ksp were calculated and tabulated in Table 3. A graph was plotted based on the values: Figure 1: Graph of Ksp versus 1/T From Figure 1, the gradient and y-intercept was obtained as shown in Table 4. The enthalpy change and entropy change was calculated based on the vant hoff equation: Gradient = (/ R) = -5692.06 Standard deviation of gradient: Â ± 99.87 = (-5692.06 x 8.314) Â ± (99.87 x 8.314) = (47.32 Â ± 0.83) kJ K-1 mol-1 Y-intercept = (/ R) = 12.25 Â ± 0.33 Standard deviation of Y-intercept = Â ± 0.33 = (12.25 x 8.314) Â ± (0.33 x 8.314) = (101.85 Â ± 2.74) J K-1 mol-1 The standard error of regression was found to be 0.0295. (Number of measurements = 6, Degree of Freedom = 4) Results and Discussion From the data obtained, the calculated values of and were (47.3 Â ± 0.83) kJ K-1 mol-1 and (101.85 Â ± 2.74) J K-1 mol-1 respectively. Ksp of KHC4H4O6 was found to be 1.32 x 10-3 at 302.15K. It was observed that a linear graph was obtained upon plotting ln Ksp against the reciprocal of T. The increase in temperature was also found to correlate with the increase of Ksp values. The literature Ksp value for KHC4H4O6 is 3.8 x 10-4 at 291.15K. [2] The approximated Ksp value that corresponds to 291.15k based on experimental data was calculated to be 6.755 x 10-4 as shown in the Appendices. Linear Relationship between T and Ksp Based on figure 1, a linear model was observed between the reciprocal of T and the natural logarithm of Ksp. This was supported by the R-square value of 0.99 which greatly suggests a linear trend from the experimental data plotted. The standard error of regression obtained from the experiment was found to be 0.0295, which indicates a good fit among the experimental values obtained, corresponding to a good precision of the experimental data. Thus from the linear trend, the claim of insignificant changes of enthalpy and entropy due to temperature changes was valid. Therefore, the assumption that the value of Ksp is dependent only on temperature at which the dissolution occurs can be established. Comparison of Literature values The estimated Ksp value based on experimental data was 6.755 x 10-4 at 291.15K and was found to be 43.75% higher than the literature value (3.8 x 10-4) [2]. The difference could be accounted to the limitation of this experiment. As the experiment was carried out in different temperature, one of the limitations was due to the apparatus used. The volumetric glass pipette used was calibrated at 20 , thus at other temperature, expansion or contraction might occur leading to the inaccurate volume transferred for titration after the filtering process. Another source of error was noted to be the temperature fluctuation during the filtering process. Although the solution were decant in small portions to minimize errors, rapid increase of the temperature for the cold temperature reading was observed. This corresponds to the increase in the ions concentration dissolved in the solution, thus resulting in a higher value of Ksp. Despite the percentage difference of 43.75%, the difference between both values was actually small due to the fact that the Ksp of KHC4H4O6 is a very small value. When the uncertainty of the enthalpy change and entropy change was taken into account, the experimental Ksp value was assumed to be between 3.446 x 10-4 and 1.324 x 10-3(Refer to Appendices). The literature value was noted to be within this range, thus the experimental data do agree with the theoretical value of KHC4H4O6. Change of Enthalpy and Entropy The change of enthalpy from the reaction was found to be (47.3 Â ± 0.83) kJ K-1 mol-1. The positive enthalpy change means that the dissolution of KHC4H4O6 was an endothermic process where heat was absorbed during the process. This was expected as the dissolution breaks up the stronger ionic bonds within KHC4H4O6 and weaker bonds between the water molecules and the ions was formed. These resulted in a positive net change for enthalpy for the reaction, which is consistent with the positive enthalpy change derived from the experimental data. The change of entropy was found to be (101.85 Â ± 2.74) J K-1 mol-1. As entropy was often defined as a measure of disorder, the positive entropy can be explained with the increased disorder brought about when the when KHC4H4O6 dissolved into ions. As the value of enthalpy change was much larger than the entropy change, in order to get a larger value of ln K based on the vant hoff equation, higher temperature was required. This coincide with high temperature favors endothermic process such as dissolution of KHC4H4O6, thus it can be concluded that temperature have a positive correlation with Ksp. Conclusion Ksp have a linear relationship with temperature for KHC4H4O6. The temperature dependent of enthalpy change and entropy change was found to be insignificant for the dissolution of KHC4H4O6. As dissolution is an endothermic process, temperature has a positive correlation with Ksp, thus higher temperature allow more KHC4H4O6 to dissolve. This concluded that solubility product constant of potassium hydrogen tartrate is dependent only on temperature.

Game Rental Shop :: Video Games Consumerism Spreadsheets Essays

Game Rental Shop Spreadsheet Rent it!!!!!! Games rental Identification To start my project I have chosen that I would do a spreadsheet for a games rental shop. This shop would be renting out games for people to borrow over a period of 3 nights. If the games are brought back later than the due in date then there will be a fine of  £1 every night. I think choosing to do a games rental shop is quite a good choice because it would involve lots of calculations. I think that excel would be very suitable software to use for this games shop as it would give me all the calculations and results. I am going to have a stock sheet on excel and another sheet which involves the sales and late charges. I will be calculating things such as adding up sales and late charges and adding up. Excel is the best program to calculate because I would be using its features to calculate. Using formulas you can calculate the whole database in a second. These are the sorts of calculations that we can get from excel:  · Average sales per week  · Most rented game  · Adding up the number of rentals in a week  · Working out the profit  · Fine charges etc. I can use excel to get results such as the most rentals in the week of a single game using a bar chart. Get results for the fine charges of the week again using bar charts and I can also use a pie chart to see the best renting title. Excel also has a function called sort. If there is almost 200 games on my database and next to them it tells you how many times this title has been rented out then all you have to do is click sort and it would tell you in order of what the best renting title is. Rather than an ordinary database program people prefer spreadsheets because it’s good for storing and retrieving. It can do calculations very fast and efficient. Excel also with the use of formulas is better than word processor or a database program. My end user would use the spreadsheet that I will design. My end user would be the shop owner who is using this as a super calculator and would help them get good outcomes from the spreadsheet. The end user requirements should be: * Fast data search * Accurate calculations * Easy to use (user friendly) * Everything sorted out by using the Sort function * Get good results and easy to understand them To get from one sheet to another sheet I will be using macro buttons.

Capital One

One had accumulated huge amounts of data during so many years. It is clear that they had enough data that will be the source data for the data arouses; a part of the operational layer. Another important part of this layer is the performance, it has to have a minimal impact in their system, and Capital One had dozen of analytics doing thousands of test and as a result of those tests, they were creating files that needed to be stored and also needed to be accessed. Layer. Hat reflected in the creation of files that needed to be stored and at the same time been accessed, the performance had to reflected a minimum impact on the , the creation of files that need to be stored Also, in this layer, it has to be insider to have a minimal impact In order for capital One to use their huge amount of data , First of all , Capital One had a huge amount of data. The data that Capital One had was stored in It was clear that Capital One n Thudded to use its huge amount of data in a better manner. By using data In Cuba they call it ‘The Crisis of October, here in the USA we call it â€Å"the Cuban Missile Crisis†.It was 50 years ago when the world stood still. There was the possibility Of a nuclear war, it seemed to be imminent. An American spy plane was flying over Cuba when it snapped aerial photographs of Soviet sessile sites that had the ability to strike most of the United States. Those missiles were only 90 miles away. The Soviets had never installed any missiles outside Soviet territory until now, and they were in Cuba. It seemed that Khrushchev, the leader of the Soviet Union, felt that the US would do little to resist Soviet Expansion in Cuba, since US had to cut all ties with Cuba due to its embraced to communism.What was the real reason for those missiles? Were the Soviets trying to alter the perceptions of the balance of power? Were they trying to protect the Cuban communist regime against an US threat? Were they really meant to not commit any aggressio n on the US? Nobody knows the real reason, although some people think that the introduction of those ballistic missiles into Cuba was a strategy from the Soviets to equalize the balance of power. They were hoping that this move would bolster their strategic military power and diplomatic political strength. Let's remember that these two powerful countries have always been in a political contest.With this change of the Soviet military position they could even entice Latin Americans to embrace Soviet Communism, but the US did see the deployment of missiles in Cuba as a violation of international law. It Was a serious blow to the US. It was a deliberate political challenge to its leadership. A month previous to this crisis, Kennedy warned the Soviets that if any missiles were sneaked into Cuba a conflict will arise, so we can imagine that Kennedy's reaction to the discovery of the missiles was tough; it create a very tense relation between the USA and the Soviets. It was very clear that Kennedy was deceived by the Soviets.There were many public statements that made him believe there wasn't even the slightest intention of the Soviets to install any offensive armaments in Cuba. Even the Soviet ambassador to the United States, Anatoly Dobbin had inform Kennedy that the equipment being shipped to Cuba was for defensive purposes and did not represent any threat to the US. Kennedy had to act quick and firmly due to the political pressure and also to prevent a desalination of the balance of power, plus another reason; the elections were approaching, he had to get the missiles out of Cuba (â€Å"About the Crisis,† 2012).At this point, Kennedy believed that if the Soviet Union made the move, then they will get political advantage in its global struggle with the United States because it would blow the international prestige of the USA and, at the same time, strengthen the Soviet position in the Communist world. According to the transcripts from the Coxcomb tapes and the writings, Kennedy was also worried about Khrushchev challenge on the public opinion in Europe and all Latin America, he believed that he had to take actions against the Soviet union or they would think that he wont take any actions elsewhere.Kennedy announced quarantine as their first step in order to avoid any further introduction of more arms into Cuba. At the same time, an emergency meeting of the United Nations Security Council to back up the LOS in order to seek a dismantling and withdrawal Of the missiles in Cuba, all these under the supervision of the united Nations observers and a call for a convening of the AS (Organization of American States). Kennedy indicated that if the quarantine failed, then further actions will be justified. He was very clear in his speech; he said that the American forces were ready for al eventualities.At this point, Khrushchev realized that the US was ready to take any actions in order to get the missiles out of Cuba. Even though the quarantin e seemed extreme and put a lot of pressure on the Soviets, it was also a smart decision, he was trying to create minimum risk of a possible war. There were other responses that the CSS could've use in this situation, but this was the most flexible to take. They could've gone for an air strike or an invasion, but this choice left a room for the Soviets to reconsider and take off the Island all their offensive equipment.We can see that it was a very smart decision, a decision taken in a very diplomatic way. It gave both parties enough time to weigh their decisions before moving to the next step (Hansen, 2007). Khrushchev knew that the tensions between the two powers were at its high and any escalation could've led to a disastrous confrontation. Instead, Khrushchev agreed to the US demands to dismantle their offensive weapons in Cuba under the supervision of the United Nations, and in return the US made an agreement to never invade Cuba. Capital One One had accumulated huge amounts of data during so many years. It is clear that they had enough data that will be the source data for the data arouses; a part of the operational layer. Another important part of this layer is the performance, it has to have a minimal impact in their system, and Capital One had dozen of analytics doing thousands of test and as a result of those tests, they were creating files that needed to be stored and also needed to be accessed. Layer. Hat reflected in the creation of files that needed to be stored and at the same time been accessed, the performance had to reflected a minimum impact on the , the creation of files that need to be stored Also, in this layer, it has to be insider to have a minimal impact In order for capital One to use their huge amount of data , First of all , Capital One had a huge amount of data. The data that Capital One had was stored in It was clear that Capital One n Thudded to use its huge amount of data in a better manner. By using data In Cuba they call it ‘The Crisis of October, here in the USA we call it â€Å"the Cuban Missile Crisis†.It was 50 years ago when the world stood still. There was the possibility Of a nuclear war, it seemed to be imminent. An American spy plane was flying over Cuba when it snapped aerial photographs of Soviet sessile sites that had the ability to strike most of the United States. Those missiles were only 90 miles away. The Soviets had never installed any missiles outside Soviet territory until now, and they were in Cuba. It seemed that Khrushchev, the leader of the Soviet Union, felt that the US would do little to resist Soviet Expansion in Cuba, since US had to cut all ties with Cuba due to its embraced to communism.What was the real reason for those missiles? Were the Soviets trying to alter the perceptions of the balance of power? Were they trying to protect the Cuban communist regime against an US threat? Were they really meant to not commit any aggressio n on the US? Nobody knows the real reason, although some people think that the introduction of those ballistic missiles into Cuba was a strategy from the Soviets to equalize the balance of power. They were hoping that this move would bolster their strategic military power and diplomatic political strength. Let's remember that these two powerful countries have always been in a political contest.With this change of the Soviet military position they could even entice Latin Americans to embrace Soviet Communism, but the US did see the deployment of missiles in Cuba as a violation of international law. It Was a serious blow to the US. It was a deliberate political challenge to its leadership. A month previous to this crisis, Kennedy warned the Soviets that if any missiles were sneaked into Cuba a conflict will arise, so we can imagine that Kennedy's reaction to the discovery of the missiles was tough; it create a very tense relation between the USA and the Soviets. It was very clear that Kennedy was deceived by the Soviets.There were many public statements that made him believe there wasn't even the slightest intention of the Soviets to install any offensive armaments in Cuba. Even the Soviet ambassador to the United States, Anatoly Dobbin had inform Kennedy that the equipment being shipped to Cuba was for defensive purposes and did not represent any threat to the US. Kennedy had to act quick and firmly due to the political pressure and also to prevent a desalination of the balance of power, plus another reason; the elections were approaching, he had to get the missiles out of Cuba (â€Å"About the Crisis,† 2012).At this point, Kennedy believed that if the Soviet Union made the move, then they will get political advantage in its global struggle with the United States because it would blow the international prestige of the USA and, at the same time, strengthen the Soviet position in the Communist world. According to the transcripts from the Coxcomb tapes and the writings, Kennedy was also worried about Khrushchev challenge on the public opinion in Europe and all Latin America, he believed that he had to take actions against the Soviet union or they would think that he wont take any actions elsewhere.Kennedy announced quarantine as their first step in order to avoid any further introduction of more arms into Cuba. At the same time, an emergency meeting of the United Nations Security Council to back up the LOS in order to seek a dismantling and withdrawal Of the missiles in Cuba, all these under the supervision of the united Nations observers and a call for a convening of the AS (Organization of American States). Kennedy indicated that if the quarantine failed, then further actions will be justified. He was very clear in his speech; he said that the American forces were ready for al eventualities.At this point, Khrushchev realized that the US was ready to take any actions in order to get the missiles out of Cuba. Even though the quarantin e seemed extreme and put a lot of pressure on the Soviets, it was also a smart decision, he was trying to create minimum risk of a possible war. There were other responses that the CSS could've use in this situation, but this was the most flexible to take. They could've gone for an air strike or an invasion, but this choice left a room for the Soviets to reconsider and take off the Island all their offensive equipment.We can see that it was a very smart decision, a decision taken in a very diplomatic way. It gave both parties enough time to weigh their decisions before moving to the next step (Hansen, 2007). Khrushchev knew that the tensions between the two powers were at its high and any escalation could've led to a disastrous confrontation. Instead, Khrushchev agreed to the US demands to dismantle their offensive weapons in Cuba under the supervision of the United Nations, and in return the US made an agreement to never invade Cuba.

Development Of The Rural Tourism Tourism Essays

Development Of The Rural Tourism Tourism Essays Development Of The Rural Tourism Tourism Essay Development Of The Rural Tourism Tourism Essay In this survey we are seeking to reply two of import inquiries about rural touristry. First of all, what are the outlooks of rural tourers. Second, is at that place any connexion between the outlooks and perceptual experiences? For this survey I will supply studies in order to turn out and to reply the inquiries. The spread between importance and public presentation will be evaluated. The findings will be applied to better service quality and it will function as the footing for rural touristry stakeholders to better their service schemes in response to client demands. Besides I want to indicate out about sustainable development, intercultural communicating on rural touristry. Because tourer may necessitate transit, hence, with the emanation of CO2 we may destruct the environment. The aim of this survey is turn outing information about how could we fulfill our rural tourer, is our installations met their outlook? To reply this inquiry I will supply the survey of my studies in order to assist the proprietor of rural houses or hotels to understand better the behavior of our client. The purpose of making these studies is help the stakeholder of rural houses or hotels to understand what their client is expected before they go to the hotel or houses and if they have been satisfied after the stay, in order to better their service schemes in response to client demands. There are many studied about the rural touristry but most of these studied is about the development and how could the rural touristry asses to the rural economic growing, but they have neer mentioned about the client satisfaction which is the cardinal fact that will assist our concern success. Introduction: Definition of the rural touristry. It seems truly easy to specify the term rural touristry, but really it has many issues when we try to specify the term, because depend on where we are we can happen many difference definition about rural touristry, In Spain sometime they consider the size of the population to specify rural or urban, nevertheless, size of the population is non plenty to find ruralism . Besides, when specializer want to look into or prove the turning procedure of the rural touristry, they can non acquire an accurate information because in Spain there are non standard statute law for the rural house or hotel, so without unvarying criterion is impossible to try the growing. Harmonizing to Nilson ( Nilson, 1998, cited in R. Derek, 2003, p.183 ) tends to see all touristry non-urban countries as rural touristry . ItA?s non truly good point because we can non see that all non-urban touristry is rural touristry, because due to the first statement to be considered as rural it has to hold some demand, like the population size, the environment, activitiesaˆÂ ¦etc. , But sometime rural touristry is considered when the rural civilization is an of import constituent of the merchandise on offer, because rural touristry is the wish to give a client the physical and human environment of the topographic point, do them take part on traditions activities or life style of local people ( Luigi Carini, 2003, Cited in R. Derek, 2003, p.183 ) . Why is so hard to specify rural? It is because all of us have a different perceptual experience of ruralism . Therefore there is non precisely intending for this term. Development of the rural touristry. Rural touristry has growing a batch in the past 20 old ages, today more and more people is traveling to rural touristry, what was the elements that asses this turning? , is because they are tired of urban life, thatA?s why they want to loosen up in a better or loosen uping environment by making activities that they would neer make in a urban or fall back hotel? . In this survey would assist you to understand more about rural touristry and have more cognition about how would rural touristry can measure the rural economic systems and assist the preservation of the rural environment. Rural touristry is mostly a domestic phenomenon with a disparate nature across states and continent ( Gartner, 2004, Cited in Gao, 2009, p.439 ) . This explains us why in the last past few old ages were a important sum of instance surveies in relation of states and rural touristry lures in diverse states. In China the development of rural topographic point took topographic point in 1980s, the rural touristry has undergone during 20 old ages with the signifiers of poorness relief through touristry, Harmonizing to some research China has more than 56 % of the population life in rural country, even though in the past few twelvemonth it has an unbelievable growing in China general economic but it does non impact the growing of rural country because Chinese people considered the Nong which means anterior necessity of worlds is nutrient, hence they have a immense concern about the rural activities, and in this instance is the outlook which is the cardinal point of the development of th e rural country and promote the rural touristry ( Gao, 2009, p. 440 ) . In add-on, rural touristry it has a peculiar manner to pull client by offering them agricultural ambiances and civilizations at truly low cost and it does non necessitate a sophisticated substructure like if you go to metropolis Centre, or fall back hotel ( Gannon, 1994, Cited in Byeong, 2009, p.22 ) . Consequently, In Korea has considered the structural and new type of client have guide to the rural development. Nevertheless in Serbia has a different manner to advance the rural touristry, in Serbia has good potency in rural touristry due to that it has many rural country under development, because in that manner they can promote and advance the rural touristry in order to measure the rural economic growing, which play an of import function in the full Serbian economic and the formation of richer and picturesque image of Serbia, hence for Serbian to advance rural touristry a good selling schemes is needed and th e criterion for this sort of touristry, because in Europe has a criterion for the rural touristry ( K. Kosic, 2010, p. 428 ) . Sustainable development of rural touristry The growing of the rural touristry is truly of import, due to that it can measure the rural economic growing, make occupation in rural country, promote the agricultural growing in under develop areaaˆÂ ¦and so on, nevertheless the rapidly growing or no control of the rural growing can take unexpected issues and can convey negative influences on rural communities and the touristry concern itself ( Byeong, 2009, P.23 ) . Basically means that the overdevelopment and no planned development can take the escapes of benefit, commercialisation of local civilization and corrupted some local country with aliens, thatA?s why sustainable development is needed on these topographic points. Therefore the aim of being sustainable, at the first phase is to understand the comparative importance to tourism determination shapers of each index for sustainable rural touristry development ( Byeong, 2009, P.24 ) . Harmonizing to Young ( 1992, P.100 ) most of surveies seem to postulate that economic, social- cultural, environmental sustainability are the chief factors that should be maintain during the development of rural touristry . There are many struggles about the sustainable development indexs, the chief five indexs are: client satisfaction, environmental, employment, fiscal escapes, and environmental impact assessment indexs ( Miller, 2001, P.351-365 ) . These indexs are truly of import in term of managerial and planning term, but what about the intercession of the authorities? Should non it be more effectual, the authorities should put criterion for the rural development. Economic sustainability Many researches illustrate the importance of the economic facet in rural touristry, specifically the increasing of the income of local people, and the increasing of the employment ( Greffe, 1994, P.22 ) . The point of involved local people in rural touristry is create more occupation chances and sells local nutrients or obtaining benefit by selling adjustment. By making it, it helps the local demands and concretely in country where is less developed. Nevertheless sometime it conveying job by involved local occupant in development of rural touristry, because fluently there is non warrant in concern about the return on both economic and clip investings ( Mcgehee, 2002, P111-124 ) , hence in order to avoid this type of issues the income demand to be reported to the stakeholders, due to that income are mensurable, and through the procedure, the aim, aim demand to be updated rather frequently, in order to guarantee the effectivity, and by giving to the local people the study about the inv esting and benefit on return can measure the increasing of tourer, making new occupation, have more gross, hence the engagement of local people is important to the development of rural touristry ( Byeong, 2009, P.25 ) . Social-cultural sustainability As the rural touristry growing, the occupants life will hold some alteration, due to the enrichment of the zone, and besides increased chances for societal interaction and civilization exchange, and on the tourer side is supplying the chances of to see traditional cultural and the manner of life, but in that instance local people need to continue the cultural individuality, besides the singularity, and the character of communities ( Macgehee, 2002, P.111-124 ) . The saving of historical, scenic heritage should be continue for long-run rural touristry, be certain non to destruct the environment. Beside the preservation issues, there is another issues that need to be considered, and is the safety, because as the tourer addition, the offense, traffic will increase, therefore the public security is of import in this instance, occupants should supply a safety and clean environment in order to pull more tourer ( Gannon, 1994, P.80 ) . Environment sustainability The consequent of increasing the figure of tourer can do societal and cultural issues, and besides can impact the environment of the topographic point, hence local people need to hold consciousness about this job, as they are involved in the development of rural touristry, hence local people play a truly of import function in continuing and commanding their environment ( Byeong, 2009, P.26-27 ) . In order to continue the environment sustainability, the figure of visitant demand to be controlled, puting the upper limit of tourer that can come per month or per twelvemonth will increase the feasibleness of environment sustainability, and is non merely the figure of tourer has to be concerned, besides the pollution, as the tourer increase the traffic will increase in the same manner, therefore the taint of the environment is a large job. And by puting the maximal figure of individuals that can see the topographic point will lend or cut down these jobs ( Gannon, 1994, P.97 ) . Taking in consideration that a careful consideration of the tourer transporting capacities and required the graduated table and type of developments suited for each portion of the local. Harmonizing to Lane ( 1994, P.102 ) This may include determinations to apportion some countries for intensive usage, to do some countries less accessible on preservation evidences and to put overall bounds to growing . Thi s is a good method to maintain some historic landscape protected. Managerial and administrative sustainability Due to fact that local people do non hold the cognition about how to advance or to whom should they direct their merchandise, the issues of how to sell their merchandise and how to pull tourer is important facts to take sustainable rural development ( Byeong, 2009, P.27 ) . Furthermore, tourer sometime depends on marketing communicating in order to take a finish for vacation. Thus, is good to pass on with the authorities or director in order to allow them cognize about our merchandise and assist local people to advance it decently ( Mcgehee, 2002, P.111-124 ) . Since the tourer who has chosen rural touristry is because they expect entire non-urban life manner, that s why a diverse of out-of-door activities in order to allow them see rural life and connect with nature and evidently exchange civilization with local people. Besides the activities, local nutrient besides needs to be provided in order to run into demands and fulfill the tourer, making great experience to take to experience good and come back ( Macgehee, 2002, P.111-124 ) , because the quality of nutrient production and eating house, which is closely link to client satisfaction. Furthermore, the service, adjustment, transit, handiness demand to be provided at sensible monetary value. Another issue truly of import sing with client satisfaction is the kindness of local people, therefore the welcoming of tourer is needed ( Mckercher, 1998, p.173-188 ) .

Mesopotamia vs. Egypt Essays

Mesopotamia vs. Egypt Essays Mesopotamia vs. Egypt Paper Mesopotamia vs. Egypt Paper The reason is that Egypt , although following Mesopotamia footsteps n some aspects, was in a deferent area, had deferent people, different mindsets, resources. No two colonization are completely alike; they all have their own quirks and unleashes. While Mesopotamia used cuneiform as a form of writing, Egypt used hieroglyphics. Hieroglyphics featured picture symbols standing for words, syllables, or individual sounds, and they were written on papyrus. Mesopotamia carved wedge- shaped symbols into clay tablets; this process is called cuneiform. Cuneiform is much more simple, less time-consuming, and cheaper In comparison to hieroglyphics. The season for this could be that Mesopotamia and Egyptians had access to different resources: Mesopotamia had vast plains for clay, while Egypt had the Nile River to produce papyrus reed. Also, the reason could be their purposes for writing were different. Cuneiform was ideal for record-keeping, while hieroglyphics were ideal for stories in the pyramids. Mesopotamia and Egypt both had leaders, but the image of each of these leaders is different. Mesopotamia was made up of city-states, while Egypt was more unladed and centralized. Because of this. Mesopotamia had many kings, and Egypt had one Pharaoh that controlled everything. The Pharaoh decided all punishments, depending on his mood of the day, made all rules, and had control over Egypt, its people, and their activities. He was seen as divine, while the Mesopotamia kings were not. The Mesopotamia kings had control, but they followed Hamburgs Code of Law. They did not have the ability to control all of the city-states, so each had their own king with his own set-up. Egypt was more collected, and this Is why the Pharaoh had more control. The kings had to compete with another, while the Pharaoh was the sole leader. While both Mesopotamia and Egypt had social structure with social classes, the setup was different. Egyptian women had more rights and opportunity than Mesopotamia women. Mesopotamia had a patriarchal society, and Egypt did not. This could be, because Egypt was wealthier. Therefore, Egyptian women had opportunities to work outside of the house and farms. Egyptians had less of a need for slavery than Mesopotamia. Cuneiform records show slavery as a huge for in economy and labor. The Mesopotamia had to maintain the Tigris and Euphrates and their irrigation system, farm, etc. In order to do this, they needed help. On the other hand, the Egyptians had an understanding throughout the civilization that everyone needs to take part in keep up of the Nile River. If the people of an area didnt maintain their specific part of the river, they would be punished. This Is Just another way Egyptians were more unlace, odometer kneeing less outside Nell. Also, pertaining to social class, the Pharaoh had more power than the Mesopotamia kings. The Pharaoh was looked at as divine, godly, god on earth; the kings were Just like the kings of Great Britain. They ruled, made decisions, gave orders, etc. , but they arent worshipped religiously as the Pharaoh was. Thats why the Pharaoh was in higher rank in the different social structures of the two civilizations. Mesopotamia and Egypt share many differences, but their similarities are also prominent. Religion is Just one common area. Both Mesopotamia and Egypt had polytheistic religious beliefs. They had many gods for different roles in life. For example, Mesopotamia sky god, Kneel, played a big role in their life, while Amen-Ra played a big role in Egypt life. Both groups had many other gods with different roles. They both believed that their gods were related to nature in some way, and tauter had a huge impact on their religion, they held celebrations, festivals, etc. To worship, and they built monuments for worship. The reason for natures role in religion could be that being agricultural societies, they needed an explanation for natures forces. Just as the Greeks used myths to explain scientific ideas, they used gods to explain why natural things happened. The numerous gods gave them the answer they needed to their many questions for mother nature. Another similarity would be the idea of agriculture. They both depended on agriculture greatly, and they used it to their advantage. They relied on agriculture and domestication of animals for economic reasons. Also, they used the flooding of the nearby river(s) in each area to their advantage. The people of Mesopotamia and Egypt used the flooding of the Tigris, Euphrates, and/or the Nile Rivers to fertilize their crops; the silt was extremely helpful. Lastly, they both had a form of irrigation to make these flooding a positive experience, as well as to regularly irrigate. They had these similarities and advantages, because both civilizations were located near rivers,. They had access to this water, its advantages, and its uses.

Home work 2 (envi 423) Read the attachment carefully Essay

Home work 2 (envi 423) Read the attachment carefully - Essay Example Germany ($3.383 trillion), Japan ($5.88 trillion), and the United States ($16.02 trillion), it is safe to say that the Arab League members are not as rich as these â€Å"super power† countries (Central Intelligence Agency). A lot of the recent commotion in the Middle East is about Israel’s opposition of letting Occupied Palestine (referred to as West Bank or Gaza Strip) become an independent state because the territory that Palestine wants to occupy would pose a great loss to the resources of Israel and its citizens. According to the CIA World Fact Book, Israel’s 2012 GDP is $254 billion while Palestine’s GDP is merely 2.6% of Israel’s ($ 6.641 billion). 2.6% of a country’s GDP is not such a big loss if it will result to peace and finally ending the bloodshed between Israel, Palestine and their allies (Central Intelligence Agency). Ethnocentric mentality and greed are the culprits behind these twisted assumptions that many people from Western countries have. But in the end, it is neither the individual citizens of the Middle East countries nor that of the West benefit from all these politics and turmoil surrounding Middle East Oil. The ordinary citizens carry the costs while corrupt government officials and top company executives get insanely rich. The issue with Middle East Oil extends beyond politics and power, the real deal is in the equal distribution of resources on all levels of society across the different countries, whether oil exporting or not (Central Intelligence Agency). Central Inteligence Agency. The World Fact Book: Field Listing: GDP (Official Exchange Rate). 2012. Web. 27 January 2014.

The Modern Temper by Lynn Dumenil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

The Modern Temper by Lynn Dumenil - Essay Example This stage of history is claimed by the author to have established â€Å"the central motifs that have shaped the modern American temper.† While she acknowledges how important the role is of World War I being a tool or process of making the ‘roaring twenties’ happen, Dumenil does not believe in the common knowledge which infers that World War I is hugely responsible for such an outcome on which various aspects of change in American society, politics, economy, and culture are embedded. To her, it seems that the main source points to the major events of the industrial revolution as well as the consequences of a rapidly industrialized culture within a capitalist society. This is to say that World War I serves only to polish the results in the overall image of progressive economy or the idea of prosperity which caused population to shift from rural regions to urban locations believed to possess centers of commerce and adequate employment to support good living standards. Among a number of trends which are quite vivid in her investigation of the 1920s, the expanding bureaucratic form of government is prominent yet somewhat notorious for yielding to excessive power which had stirred general distrust across the nation. By noting how a U.S. representative kept an argument about daylight-savings time in a wartime program, Dumenil demonstrates how federal laws are exercised even in handling petty matters of politics, sarcastically reacting â€Å"we might soon have laws passed attempting to regulate the volume of air a man should breathe, suspend the laws of gravity, or change the colors of the rainbow.† Alongside the increasing state of bureaucracy emerged urban liberalism and pluralism in America’s heterogeneous society. Coupled with a mass-consumer culture, this led to unequal distribution of wealth so that social movements which influenced different religious, ethnic, and cultural groups were